Knowledge based societies today are highly focused on sharing written information based on text. At the same time communication through pictures, photos, images and icons has increased, so people need to be aware what they mean and how to use them. This class looks at the meaning and importance of visual learning in learning processes - especially in the field of literacy, basic education and language teaching.
4 comments:
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Band note. April 2007
a house warming
-to celebrate moving to a new house or flat
it is overrated film/play
- not as good as people say
the plot was so hackneyed
-doing so often it is boring
his films are impenetrable
-complex and impossible to understand
the play was disjointed and difficult to follow
-unconnected and not in a clear order
the film was a bit far-fetched
-impossible to believe
risque
-more immoral likely to shock people
-the play was a bit risqué
it was gripping film from start to finish
-exciting and keeping your attention the whole time
it was a harrowing documentary about war and refugee camps
-extremely upsetting
the whole ballet is really understated
-done or expressed in a simple but attractive style
his latest opera was panned
-very negatively criticized
all his previous works have been universally lauded
-highly praised
her new symphony is a masterpiece
-very good work.
novak was definitely miscast
-was long person
she become typecast as a middle-aged mother.
-always associated with that type of role
he was given several encores
-calls from audience to repeat it
she got a standing ovation
-the audience stood up
I like her interpretation of the song yesterday
-one of several performances that exist.
he gave an excellent rendition of hamlet’s speech
-performance on a specific occasion.
the actor’s portrayal of the mother in the film was very tender
-the picture she created
bit chilly today.
-its freezing
it’s hot
-boiling
what oppressive weather.
-isnt it heavy / close
ist it humid today
-yes horribly / muggy
his dishonest polices towards the workers created a climate of distrust.
im snowed under with work.
the manager left under a cloud of suspicion
the soldiers were hit with a hail of bullets
hail
v.to descrive sth as being very good or special
-the conference was hailed as a great success.
n.small ball of ice that fall like rain
the truth is hidden in the mists of history
they had whirlwind romance
the horses thundered down the race track.
thunderous applause followed his speech
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let’s drink together to cement our partnership
when I tried to find out what had happened to my tax claim, I came up against a brick wall.
they put a ceiling of twenty thousand pounds on the redundancy payments.
-to suggest a limit to sth
the glass ceiling is a phrase used to refer to an invisible barrier.
academics are often criticized for living in their ivory towers.
our friends were a tower of strength when our house burnt down .
-strong emotionally.
the new century give us the opportunity to close the door on our past.
try and entice the child to eat by offering small portion of their favorite food.
I was rather dubious about the whole idea.
-doubtful
tainted drinking water.
-contaminated
the administration was tainted by scandal.
usnder the tip of our noses
-very close
vigilant
-very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble.
: she stressed the need for constant vigilance.
the dogs are trained to sniff out drugs
-/inf/journalists are good at sniffing out a scandal
-discover
boundless
-seeming to have no end
;boundless energy
with armful of different sizes
;a quantity that you can carry in one or both arms.
retailers have bowed to government pressure to standardize
;agree to do sth.
eating disorder
-anorexia
barbed criticism
-sharp, negative comments
BA are just playing ball
-doing the minimum that is needed in order to follow the rules.
sam was in disgrace with his parents
-her behavior has brought disgrace on her family.
;loss of reputation
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charming
-attractiveness
clean cut
-neat,tidy, clean and smart in appearance
cultured
-well educated in and having appreciation of fine art
considerate
-behaving in a way that shows caring for other people’s feelings
;he is always very considerate
creepy
-unpleasant , annoying, weird, makes you feel uncomfortable
hypocritical
pretending to have beliefs of principles that you don’t actually possess
;how hypocritical
;it would be hypocritical of me to have a church wedding when I don’t believe in God
insincere
-not honest or genuine in the expression
malicious
-often doing bad things in order to hurt people
;he is not at all malicious.
materialistic
-much more concerned with material things.
;she is greedy and materialistic
mercenary
-motivated by a desire for money
;a mercenary society attitude
;she is interested in him for purely mercenary reasons.
-a professional soldiers hired to serve in a foreign army.
ruthless
-without pity, mercy
snobbish
-a person who admires people of high rank
but the other way round
spiteful
-want to do sth bad to someone.
posh
-elegant/expensive typical of or used by people who belong to a high social class
-------------------------------------------
she’s got her finger in everypie
-she is over involved in every project.
she works in advertising so she’s really got her finger on the pulse of today’s teenagers.
- she knows current young people’s trends and fashion
I can’t get a minute’s peace.
-I want have quite time.
pull in
-we ran onto the platform just as the train was pulling in .
-the train, bus pulls in. it arrives at the railways or bus station.
they finally decided to take the plunge and get married.
-decide to do sth important or difficult especially after thinking about it for a long time.
the boss really told me off for being late off the second time.
-talk to sb severely for doing sth wrong.
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query
-question or enquiry
they are very responsive to complaints
-reacting quickly and in a positive way.
they were very accommodating/obliging.
-willing to help.
whenenver I ring, I get impeccable
-impeccable manners/taste/credentials.
;her wriiten English is impeccable.
-without mistakes or faults
I find supermarkets so impersonal.
-lacking of personal element
shoddy
-made done badly and with not enough care.
;I was complain about bad service and shoddy goods.
there are huge backlog of orders
;back of work
-number which are waiting to be dealt with.
they always put you on hold.
-make you wait.
intrinsic
-belonging to or part of the real nature of sth
;the intrinsic value of education
;these tasks were repetitive, lengthy and lacking any intrinsic interest.
;small local shops are intrinsic to the town’s character.
adjunct
-the memory expansion cards are useful adjuncts to the computer
;a thing is added or attached
manifesto
-a written statement in which a group of people
cars quickly stacked up behind the bus
;keep increasing inquantity until there is a large pile
-this year’s figures didn’t stack up to those of 1999.
;to compare to sb else
a futile attempt / exercise
;there is no chance of success
n.a sense of futility
robust
; strong and full of determination showing that you are sure about you are doing or saying.
-it was a typically robust performance
;of system) strong and not likely to fail or become weak.
-robust economic growth
demeaning
-putting sb in a positon that doesn’t give them the respect that they should have.
;he found it demeaning to work for his former employee.
-I wouldn’t demean myself by asking for charity.
constitute
-to be the parts that together form sth.
;Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.
-to be considered to be sth
;does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
;the increase in racial tension constitutes a thereat to our society
;his action was interpreted as constituting a threat to the community.
ingrained
-habit/attitude that has existed long time, which is difficult to change
;ingrained prejudices
;the belief that we should do our duty is ingrained.
the rhetoric about longer working hours also needs to be put in perspective.
;speech or writing is influnce to people, is not honest, sincere.
persperctive
-the ability to think about problems and decisions in a reasonable way without exaggerating their importance.
;try to keep these issues in perspective.
;talking to others can often help to pit your own problems into perspective.
I just hope, I don’t get the numbers mixed up
-confuse,to think wrong
;I think you must be mixing me up with someone else.
amassing
-collecting a large amount
;he amassed a fortune from silver mining
the money was unedto smooth the way for his son to take control of the group.
tackle
-to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem.
;ill tackle the repairs
;the government is determined to tackle inflation.
the wine made him bold enough to approach her and introduce himself.
the protesters are a small but vocal minority
-tell people your opinion loudly and with confidence
FUSS
-attention, noisy complaint.
;don’t understand what all the fuss is about.
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penury
-state of being extremely pool)
;he died in a state of vituall penury
the charity’s main aim is to improve healthcare in impoverished areas of the world.
everywhere in the city you see destitute people living inshop
-without money ,any possession
the destitute
-the poor
the number of deprived children in the world is growing
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abrogate a law/treaty
-bring them to an official end
to bend the law/rules
-to break the law rules
in a way that is considered no to be harmful.
contravene a law
-break a law
infringe sb’s rights
-prevent a person doing what they are legally
-to limit sb’s legal rights
they lodged a compensation claim against the factory
-to make an official appeal.
pervert the course of justice
-pt obstacle in the way of justice being done.
;some scientific discoveries have been perverted to create weapons of destruction.
v.pervert
-affect sb in a way that makes them act
;some people believe that TV can pervert the minds of children.
embezzlement
-stealing money that is in your care or belongs to o organization
;embezzle
money laundering
;money obtained illegally so that it’s origin can’t be traced
perjury
-the crime of telling a lie in a court of law
;to commit perjury
trespass
-go onto sb’s land without permission
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I’m stuck in a rut
-live or work in a situation that never changes so you feel bored.
since his arrest for vandalism, little johney has turned over a new leaf. I even saw him picking up litter the other day.
-make fresh start
I’m on a much more even keel now. I’ve found a nice place to rent.
-for things to be steady and stable with.
im going to let my hair down
-to relax and enjoy yourself.
you can’t keep burning the candle at both ends
-exhaust yourself by over working
you have to burn the midnight oil if you want to pass the exam
-stay awake late at night.
I am going to paint the town red tonight
-to have a lively enjoyable night out
/often to celebrate
I call a spade a spade
- and I don't care what people think
-to say exactly what you think.
I am going to cut to the chase the restaurant is losing money for one reason.
-immediately start dealing with the important part of something
manager didn’t pull any punches
-to show your disapproval or criticism clearly.
Instead of moping around the house all day, you should be out there looking for a job.
-spend time walking around a place with no particular.
someone hacked into our company server and destroy
-access it illegally.
the email I sent her bounced
-came back to
the text was completely garbled
-just a series of meaningless letters ad numbers
-he gave a garbled account of what happened.
the design of our bed is unsurpassed.
-better or greater than any other
our cars leave other cars standing
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value for money
-rock-bottom prices in our sales
;extremely law
-prices slashed
;dramatically reduced
pamper yourself with our new perfume
-take care of sb well and make them feel as comfortable as possible.
indulge yourself with the best
-allow yourself something enjoyable
;I indulged myself with a long hot bath.
vacuums cleaner scientifically designed to help you.
all our computers are state-of –the-art.
-using the most modern or advanced techniques or methods.
she came on the show to plug her latest album
-give praise or attention to a new book film.
I’m fighting off a cold at the moment.
I’ve come down with a dreadful cold.
bronchitis
-an illness that affects the bronchial.
hepatitis
-inflammation of the lever.
typhoid
-fever with red spots
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privatisation
-selling off state rail ways to private companies.
nationalisation
-when industry is owned by the government
most of the factory workers are on piecework which puts them under great stress
-they are only paid for the amount they produce.
many cheap electronically goods are produced in sweatshops in poorer countries
-a place where people work for low wages in poor condition.
industry can not grow success fully if thee is too much red tape.
-rules and regulation.
industry espionage
-activity of getting information about another country.
copy right of infringement is a problem for people
-illegal editions mean author receives no payment
working in cramped conditions
-not have enough space
rambling
-spreading in various direction.
I was hemmed in by the crowds
-surrounded by people and not able to move.
there isn’t enough room to swing a cat in his flat.
-the flat is very small.
they were packed in like sardines in the bus.
-too many people in a small space
do you suffer from claustrophobia
-fear of confined spaces
he suffers from agoraphobia.
-fear of open spaces.
incarcerate
-to put sb in prison or in another place.
-imprison.
advocate
-to support sth publicly./kly/
-many advocate rewarding your child for good behavior
-the report advocated that all building should be fitted with smoke detectors.
deduce
-to form an opinion about sth based on the information or evidence that in available.
-can we deduce from your silence that you do not approve?
-we can deduce a lot from what people spend their money on
-syn-infer
-from her son’s age, I deduced that her husband must be at least 60
it is reasonable to infer that the government knew about these deals.
synthesis
-the act of combining separate ideas beliefs, styles
-a synthesis between / traditional and modern value.
complement
-to add to sth in a way that improves it
-the excellent menu is complemented by a good wine list.
empirical
-based o experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories.
-empirical evidence/knowledge/research
ambiguous
-open to different interpretation
-her account was deliberately ambiguous.
coherent
-logical and well organized easy to understand and clear.
-coherent narrative/account/expanation
comprehensive
-including all or almost allthe items details facts
-comprehensive list of addresses.
The most authoritative and up to date book on the subject.
arbitrary
-not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan.
-he makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions.
deviate
-to be different from sth to do sth differently
-he never deviated from his original plan.
incidence
the extent to which sth happens or has an effect
-an area with a high incidence of crime/ disease/ unemployment.
predominant
-most obvious or noticeable
-a predominant feature / factor
-yellow is the predominant colour in spring
number the pages in sequence
-these pages are out of sequence.
-the order that events actions, etc.
conceive
-to form an idea a plan etc in your mind.
-he conceived the idea of transforming the old power station.
contradict
-to say sth that sb else has said is wrong
-her husband contradicted
everything she said.
-compare ; oppose
convene
- to arrange for people to come together.
-the committee will convene at 11:30
denote
-be a sign of
-a very high temperature often denotes a serous illness.
-to mean sth
-the red triangle denotes danger
negate
-stop sth from having any effect.
-alcohol negate the effects of the drug.
trigger
to make sth happen suddenly
-nut can trigger off a violent allergic reaction.
perceive
-to notice or become aware of
-the patient was perceived
to have difficulty in breathing.
three of her novels have been adapted for television.
the company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money
-you should pit more effort into your work
-getting up this morning was quite an effort
-with effort, she managed to stop herself laughing
-the local clubs are making every effort to interest young people.
the discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough
notwithstanding
-in spite of
-notwithstanding some major financial problem, the school has had a successful year.
thereby
-as a result of
-used to introduce the result of the actions or situation mentioned.
-regular exercise strengthens the heart, thereby reducing the risk of heart attack.
whereby
-by which,, because of which
-they have introduced system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.
in the unlikely event of a problem arising, please contact the hotel.
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I should like to preface my argument with a true story.
-to say sth before you start making.
-I must preface my remarks with an apology
I shall return to this point later n my essay.
-mapping out the text
map out
-plan or arrange sth in a careful or detail way.
-he has his career path clearly mapped out.
I should like to address the question of
-focus
should
-used with I and we in polite requests
-I should like to call my lawyer
the text alludes to several themes that need closer examination.
-mention sth in directed way
discussion of the roots of the problem is beyond the scope of this essay.
there will only be space to touch upon the big question
-deal with.
mr burn’s comments epetomise the attitude of many criminals.
-are a perfect example of
it was a philosophy first expounded by john in 19c.
-developed
the recent events underscore the need for a better understand
-emphasise
these two approaches can be subsumed under one headin.
-brought together/ united
the book embraces a number of issues from economics.
-include
counsel
-n.a lawyer or group of lawyers
v.advise sb to do sth.
-he counseled them to give you the plan.
sober
-serious and sensible
-he is honest, sober, and hard-working.
-on sober reflection (after some serious thought), I don't think I really need a car after all.
-not drunk.
win over
-to get sb’s support or approval by persuading them.
-she is against but I’m sure I can win her over.
-almost everyone was wond over by its sober approach
it’s a well-crafted account of what happened
-a well told story, a good description.
he’s skating on thin ice but he won’t listen to me.
-be on thin ice
experienced teachers usually start game to break the ice
she made a lot of excuses for her bad behavior, but they cut no ice with me.
-fail to have an influence on sb’s belief .
thank you for dragging me out.
to ward off infection/danger, illness, attack, critism
-she put up her hands to ward him off.
in all likelihood, the meeting will be cancelled.
the likelihood is that unemployment figures will continue to fail.
the news provoked a feeling of despair in everyone.
the event in the north precipitate a political crisis./for/
-to make sth, bad happen suddenly.
cause sadness/trouble/problem’an illness/disaster
produce
-a report/statistics/figures/good result
give
pleasure/happiness/reason/motivation/trouble/good result
generate
revenue/income/money/complaints/extrawork/graphics/documents/interest/enthusiasm.
similarity
-indistinguishable
-so similar you can’t see the difference
-mr’s burton house was indistinguishable from the others.
interchangeable
- so similar they could be exchanged
-the two words are virtually interchangeable
-the V8 engine are all interchangeable with each other.
tantamount
-the equivalent of
-if he resigned, it would be tantamount to admitting that he was guilty.
equate
-consider as the same
-it’s mistakes t equate the price of some thing with….
correspond
-be smiliar to or same
-your account of events doesn’t correspond with hers
-the written record of the conversation doesn’t correspond to what was said.
analogy
-a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features.
-the teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.
akin
-similar to
-their music is more akin to that of the beatles than to the spice girl.
affinity
-strong feeling that you understand sb/sth and like
-sam was born in the nature and had a deep affinity with nature.
-between two people or things
-there is a close affinity between Italian and Spanish
-ii felt an affinity with the writer as I read this novel.
diverse
-used of different types of sth
-diverse ethnic groups
disparate
-used of different types within a group but emphaises
separation and difference
-the disparate region of spain all have unique custom.
this house is not dissimilar to the one I was born in.
-not the same(often used with not)
diverge
-to be different
-opinion diverge greatly on this issue.
distinct
-clearly different of a different kind.
-the results of the survey fell into two distinct groups
discrete
-different and separate, not overlapping.
-independent of other things of the same type.
-there are several discrete categories of verbs in English.
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snag
- a small hidden problem.
-there is just one small snag
hitch
-a problem of difficulty that causes a short delay
-a ceremony went off without a hitch.
setback
-a difficulty of problem that delays or prevents sth or makes a situation worse.
-the breakdown in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process.
a stumbling block is something that prevents action or agreement
pitfalls are an expected difficulty
an obstacle is anything that stops progress, either literally and metaphorically.
impediment is anything that prevents free act, progress, movement.
-the level of inflation is a serious impediment to economic recovery.
a dilemma
-is a situation where a difficult choice has to be made between two.
-face a dilemma.
-be in a dilemma.
adversity
-difficult
-courage in the face of adversity.
He overcome any personal adversities.
hardship
-economic/financial hardship.
People suffered many hardships during that long winter.
abstruse
-difficult to understand
-abstruse theory /argument/phihilsopher
vastly
-very much
-im a vastly different person now
-the quality of the training has vastly improved
evidently
-according to what people say
-evidently, she had nothing to do with the whole affair.
apparently
-according to what you have heard or read
-apparently they are getting divorced soon
effectively
-in a way that produces the result was intended
-the government has raised taxes. Effectively, this means prices will go up.
-used to describe what you see as the real facts of the situation.
/in effect
he is alleged to have mistreated the prisoner
-it is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.
a bone of contention.
Subject which causes disagreement and arguments between people.
an old wives tale.
-an old idea or belief that has been proved not to be scientific
-the old wives’ tale that make-up ruins the skin.
if you don’t mind my saying so, I think that you could have handled that better
no offence intended, but I think you’ve misunderstood the basic problem.
I think a lot of the staff here myself included, have not been working quite as hard as we should.
what a load of idiots – present company excepted, of course.
-not including you and me.
it is not the most practical/sensible/ intelligent / appropriate thing you have done.
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the expression of a little.
-you haven’t done a scrap of work.
-bill’s got a touch of flu.
-I’ve got a bit of a headache.
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I hope i can get her to myself this evening.
jill will get things sorted out today.
-organise things so that the problem is solved.
she just never got it together./info/
-took positive action or organized herself.
-he needs to get his act together if he is going to pass.
get together
-to meet with sb socially or in ofer to discuss sth.
-we must get together for a drink.
-management should get together with the union.
the thing is, I have to got the essay in by tomorrow morning.
-used to introduce a topic.
don’t make such a big thing of it.
-don’t make so much fuss about it.
ann has got a thing about mice.
-she either really likes or dislikes them.
he left a sum in excess of 1 million when he died.
-more than, formal.
it will cost you somewhere in the region of 600 a month.
-about, less formal.
it will take 5hours give or take half an hour.
-infor/ 4.5 or 5.5
it will take a week or so to get the computer repaired.
he only has a smattering of French
-a small amount of sth, especially knowledge of a language.
I have toast with oodles of butter
-very large quantities usually of food.
they spend Sunday going to museums or whatever.
~~which remain the pipe-dreams of their invertors.
-a hope or plan that is impossible to achieve or not practical.
speculate
-form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details.
-it is useless to speculate why he did it.
transmission
-the act or process of passing sth from one person , place or thing to another.
-the transmission of the disease
mesmerizing
-to have such strong effect on you.
-they were mesmerized by her performance.
implication
-a possible evect or result of action or a decision.
-the development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside.
-sth that is suggested or indirectly stately
-the implication in his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.
her health was adversely affected by the climate.
the strike is likely to have knock-on effect on the whole industry
I really value him as a friend.
-a valued member of staff.
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BIONOMIALS
he sent his children to the park so that he could have some peace and quiet
-freedom from noise and quite.
im reading a book about the life and times of Winston Churchill. It’s fascinating.
-the story of sb’s life.
do you want salt and vinegar on your chips?
I’ve just got the odds and sods left.
-a collection of small and unimportant things.
I love the hustle and bustle of city life.
- a lot of noise and activity.
the doctor say I need rest and relaxation.
it also has its own trials and tribulations, which you both have to survive.
-the difficult challenges that we face
every business has its ups and downs
-the mixture of good and bad things in life or in a particular situation or relationship.
there are still a lot of ifs and buts before everything’s settled.
-their objections
-the reason why sb doen’t want to do sth.
did you check the price includes P and P
-postage and packing.
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rowdy
-noise and disturbing
she is as right as rain now.
-feelling completely healthy and well.
I spent days agonizing over whether to take the job or not.
-to spend long time thinking worrying about a problem.
she appeared from the midst of the crowd.
-the middle part
the wide disparity between rich and poor.
-disparaty
you don’t have to ram it down everyone’s throat.
-to impose one’s on someone.
I draw the line at using offensive words.
-refuse to behave in a certain way.
im having second thoughts about accepting that job offer.
-change your opinion or begin to have doubts about it.
our boss always keep us in the dark about change
-uninformed.
not giving her the new job was a real kick in the teeth for her.
-and insult or unfair.
open-ended dusccussion.
-the contract is open-ended
he always has a state of the art computer and the latest camera.
-most modern most technically advanced.
she always acts so high and might
-self important, arrogant.
juliet only has eyes for Romeo
-is only attracted to.
demian loves anna to bits
-love very much.
she is the woman of his dreams
they immediately fell head over heels in love.
-fell deeply in love.
they got on like a house on fire.
-got on very well.
I have a soft spot for Kevin.
-am fond of.
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INTELLIGENCE AND.
jack’s been in the business so long that he really know what’s what.
-in an expert.
the new prof certainly knows his stuff.
-in an expert in his field.
his wife is really the brains behind the company.
-the most intelligence person.
he is a mine of information.
-rich source of information
you won’t solve the problem if you don’t use your grey matter.
-intelligence, brain.
milly is nobody’s fool. She never believe such a excuse
-very clever.
we have not clue/the foggiest idea what the bosses are planning.
-have no idea.
I suspect sue’s in the know but she won’t tell us anything.
-has inside knowledge.
pat has the gift of the gab
-talks well and persuasively.
I can’t stand mark. He’s such a know-all./smart alert
-sb who shows off their cleverness in an irritating.
I can’t make head or tail of what you’re trying to say.
-can’t understand.
to be on top of the world on could nine.
-in seventh heaven
-over the moon.
-to be extremely happy.
she is really in her element at parties
-be made for / doing what you are good at and enjoy.
look like the cat that got the cream
-very pleased with yourself.
I was sown in the dumps
or down in the month
-be depressed.
extend /form/
-to offer give sth to sb
-to extend hospitality to overseas students
-to extend an invitation
-the bank refused to extend credit to them
contingency
-an event that may or may not happen.
-we must consider all possible contingencies.
with all netizen participating
further
-to help sth to develop or be successful
-she took the new job to further her career.
she discovered it in the midst of sorting out her father’s thing.
-while you are doing sth.
dysfunctional family
-lack of structure.
deport
-to force sb to leave country.
we have been bombarded with letters of complaint
-attack sb with a lot of questions
I hate the way he’s always slagging off his colleagues.
-to say cruel or critical thing about sb. /bre slang/
I’m a bit thin on top /inf/
-without much hair on the head.
I blew my top
-get very angry.
they’ve given me the sack.
-you are told that you can no longer work for a company because of sth.
I lost my head
-to become unable to act in a calm or sensible way.
it is not a pleasant feeling to discover you’ve been taken for a ride by someone you trusted.
-to cheat or trick
I’ve got butterflies in my stomach.
-to have a nervous feeling in your stomach /inf
I was tickled pink
-be very pleased or amused.
you could have knocked me down with a feather.
-used to expree surprise.
the complaints procedure is clumsy and time-consuming
-awkward. Too complicated to understand or use easily
they seem to be all thumbs
-to be all fingers and thumbs
-be clumsy
can you catch the waiter’s eye?
-attract sb’s attraction.
hw was going to ask her but he got cold feet and said nothing.
-to suddenly become nervous about doing sth.
give sb the cold shoulder
-treat sb in an unfriendly
to have a chip on your shoulder
-have inferiority complex about sth
pay through the nose for something
-pay too much money for sth.
I realy put my foot in it with ella, I didn’t know she’d split up with tom
-to say of do sth that upsets, offends or embarrasses sb.
stick your neck out /inf/
-do or say sth when there is a risk that you may be wrong.
it was good to get out of the car and stretch our legs.
-pt your feet up
-go for a short walk.
we spent the whole evening discussing domestic trivia
-unimportant matters.
revert sth
-to return to a former state to start doing sth again
-after her divorce she reverted to her maiden name.
-to return to or earlier topic or subject
-so to revert to your earlier question
commission
-to officially ask sb to write, make or create sth.
-she ahs been commissioned to writhe a …..
-the survey on consumer taste was commissioned by local stores.
these argument s about evolution are in their infancy in the UK
-the early development of sth.
spell
-v.to have sth or to mean sth(bad)
-the crop failure spelt disaster for many farmers.
he is on a good salary
they would be allowed to take maternity leave.
many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan.
-we have incorporated all the latest safety features into the design.
the company has been declared insolvent
-bankrupt
to address
-think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it.
-your essay doesn’t address the real issues.
-we must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
life is often likened to a journey
minor dip
miss out
-to fail to benefit from sth useful or
enjoyable by not taking part in it.
-I don’t want to miss out on all the fun.
dip
-the sun dipped below the horizon
-the plane dipped its’ wings
n.a decrease
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how old is he? Fortyish
he’s got blusish
-are they greenish?
you need a whatsit to open that bollte.
have you seen, thinummy
thing-single countable
things-plural countable
-stuff-uncountable
(oil,information)
I have to do the filing manage the scheduling answer the phones and all that sort of thing.
davids a great he is decisive determined and all that.
convalesce
-she is convalescing at home after her operation.
keep your answer as succinct as possible
-expressed clearly and in a few words.
redundant
-without a job
--redudant employees / workers
-not needed or useful
-the picture has too much redundant detail.
fervent
-having or showing very strong and sincere feelings about sth.
-fervent belief / hope desire.
freak
-n.a person with a very strong interest
-health freak/jazz freak
-.n. a person who is considered to be unusual
-she was treated like agreak because she did not want children.
succumb
-to fail to resist an attack, an illness, a temtation
-he finally succumbed to lucy’s charms
post blog
repercussion
-indirect/bad result of an action or event that may happen some time agterwards.
corporal pinishment
-the phusical punishment of people by hitting or beating them.
antithesis
-n.opposite of sth
-love is the antithesis of selfishness
n.a contrast between two thing
-there is an antithesis between the needs of the state and the needs of the people.
predisposed
-v.influnce sb so that they are likely to think or behave in a particulary to sth or to do sth.
-he believes that some people are predisposed to criminal behaviour.
-he hood mood predisposed her to enjoy the play.
Dumb down.
-to make sth less accurate or educational and of worse quality by trying to make it easier for people to understand.
-the BBC denies that its broadcasting has been dumbed down.
rudimentary
-dealing with only the most basic matters or ideas
-rudimentary training.
neglect
-to fail or forget to do sth that you ought to do.
-you neglected to mention the name of your previous employer.
there are some cases where you need to preserve the writers style.
stagnant
-not developing/growning
-the stagnant economy
consecutive
-folowing one after another
-she was absent for nine consecutive days.
plug the gap
-provide sth that has been missing from a part and that is needed to improve it
-forcing parents to plug the gap by sending their kids
-a cheaper range of products was introduced to plug the gap at the lover end of the market.
alleviate
-make sth less
to alleviate suffering
-taken to alleviate the problem
I cut my teeth on local radio
-to do sth that fives you your first experience
-he cuts my teeth on high concept, effect- heavy TV commocial.
it is not so much cinema as synema
there is something odd about the image you can’t put your finger on.
-not be able to identify that is wrong.
redress the balance
-to make a situation equal or fair again
-attempts should be made to redress the imbalance
lecture
-criticize sb or ten especially when it is done in an annoyng way
-don’t start lecturing me, he is always lecturing me about way I dress.
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A huge amount of oil wass spill them the effects of which are still being left.
-the end of the war, the anniversary of which is on the 16th November will be…..
-------------------------------------------
At a conservative estimate,he’ll be earning 500000
-a conservative assumption.
; lower than what is probably the real amount of number.
Bear
-the joke doesn’t bear repeating(because it’s not funny or may offend people.)
-his sufferings don’t bear thinking about
;because they are so terrible.
-- to not be suitable for sth.
language has become impoverished
-sometimes to the point of extinction.
the doctor tried to wean her off sleeping pills
-it hard to wean children off picture books.
-to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal.
formative
-having an important and lasting influence
; formative influence in the development
-their formative reading experience
the sun’s detrimental effect on skin.
take up sth.
-fill or use an amount of space or time.
;take up too much rooms.
;her time is fully taken up with writing.
the African elephant is in a desperate plight.
-a difficult and sad situation.
proponents
-advocate
-//opponents
the officers were disciplined for using racist language.
the prevailing economic conditions
,the prevailing view seems to be that they will find her quality.
Sort out.
immbilise
-to prevent sth from moving or from working normally.
-a device to immobilize the car engine in case of theft
variant
-n. a thing that is a slightly different form or type sth else
-this game is a variant of baseball.
implausible
-not seeming reasonable or likely to be true.
-a highly implausible claim/idea/theory
extortionate
-much too high
-they are offering loans of extortionate rates of interest.
in the face of the magnitude of the crises
-we didn’t realize the magnitude of the problem.
-the great size or importance of sth, the degree of sth.
democracy is predicated upon the rule of law.
-to base sth an a particular.
(belief, idea)
this is has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other galaxies.
-the situation is far worse than we had been led to believe.
;to be the reason why sb does or thinks sth.
it will increase in line with population growth
I worry that I won’t get into college.
forgo
-to decide not to have or do sth that you would like to have or do.
-no one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting.
-------------------------------------------discretion is the best part of valour
-you should avoid danger and not take unnecessary.
there is no service charge and tipping is at your discretion.
-according to what sb decides or wishes to do.
ill leave it up to you to use your discretion.
how much to tell terminally ill patients is left to the discretion.
leap
-I leapt to my feet
-she was quick to leap to my defence (speak in support of me)
-the photo seemed to leap off the page ; it hot your attention at once.
facility
-a natural ability to learn do sth easily
;she has a great facility for languages.
empty
-he emptied his glass
-the room had been emptied of all furniture.
her voice doesn’t really lend itself well to blues singing.
-to be suitable for sth.
she decided to go despite her misgivings
he brushed aside my fears
-ignore sb/sth treat sb inimportant
-dismiss
public domain
the information has been placed in the public domain
-is available for everyone to use or to discuss and is not secrete.
stipulate
-a delivery date is stipulated in the contract
-the job advertisement stipulate that the applicant must have three year’s experience
preserve
n.an activity a hob is thought to be suitable for one particular person or group of people.
-football is no longer the preserve of men
-nursing was a female preserve.
be off the mark
-not to be accurate in a guess statement ect.
-his solutions are off the mark..
<->on the mark
-------------------------------------------
frequent
-v.visit a paricular place often
;we met in a local bar much frequented by students
-we’ll never frequent
I patronize that restaurant
-the club is patronized by students and locals alike
a steady customer
a regular customer
how about my favorite hangout?
-------------------------------------------
my leg went to sleep
my foot is asleep
I have a cram
-------------------------------------------
suck it and see /bre,inf/
-used to say that the only way to know if sth is suitable is to try it.
can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon?
-to make sure that
how the project will affect the market remains to be seen.
he stands no chance of recovery
-to have possibility of succeeding or achieving sth
-the driver didn’t stand a chance of stopping in time.
steer clear of the centre of town at this time of the evening
-avoid a person or thing because it may cause problems
I followed your instructions to the letter.
-exactly what sb says paying attention to every detail.
all these factors must be allowed for.
It will take about an hour to get there, allowing for traffic dalays.
you would pass your exams if you applied yourself to the study.
(or do sth)
fall out with sb
-to quarrel with sb so that you are no loner friendly with them
he is not good at getting his ideas acrss
-to be communicated or understood / to succeed in communicaton sth.
go over your work before you hand it
-examine or check
-study sth carefully, especially by repeating it
;he went over the events of the day.
fool about /bre/
-to waste time instead of doing sth that you should be doing.
she let on that she was leaving
-to tell secret /inf/
we were in a hurry so we had to make do with a quick snack
-to manage with sth that in not really satisfactory.
im sure he could be prevailed upon to five a talk.
-persuade sb to do sth.
at the first sign of trouble, the supporters melted away
-disappear or make sth disappear gradually.
LEAN
-strong and efficient because the number of employees has been reduced.
;the changes made the company leaner and more competitive
your contract of employment terminates in December
-to end, to make sth end.
Drive
n. an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth.
;a recreuitment / export / economy – drive for greater efficiency
-the government’s drive to reduce
energy consumption
The trade
-a particular area of business and the people or companies that are connected with it
-they offer discounts to the trade.
-a trade magazine
someone had obviously tampered with the brakes of my car.
-to make changes to sth without permission, to damage it
what struck me most when reading was how the book was
stick to
-continue doing sth despite difficulties
;she finds it impossible to stick to a diet.
He promised to help us and he stuck to his word.
he had no right to meddle in her affairs
length ways ,<>widthways
this book is set in a mental institution
she always skive the lesson.
-avoid work or school
he tried desperately to wriggle out of giving a clear answer
-to avoid doing sth that you should do, especially by thinking of clever excuse.
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